【"冲刺四级"指导】-----carinewoo 制作：yuanjeremy
"冲刺四级"指导-1.听力理解
从本期起,将陆续推出和四级有关的指导内容.借助有关书籍,结合我个人的小小经验,来谈一下四级考试中各部分(包括:听力,阅读,词汇,简答,写作等)的命题规律和做题技巧以及注意事项.旨在帮助备考四级的沪友们更好的了解四级考试,让大家更有把握,从而能提高自己现有的水平.最终能够顺利pass!其实说是说谈四级,但备考六级的沪友也不妨可以参阅一下,毕竟有些技巧还是相通的.
第一章
听力理解
Section A
1.命题规律
对话部分,为日常生活中的一般对话,句子结构和内容都不太复杂.出题形式也相对稳定,多数情况下是对二人的讲话内容设问.
2.做题技巧
提前阅读选项,判断问题所属,从而集中精力于相关信息.注意根据信息词汇判断地点和说话人的身份职业,谈话双方的关系等.注意牵扯到数字(时间,距离,金钱)的题目,注意加减运算,明显听到的不是答案.在听时作适当笔记或符号,将听到的信息对号入座.判断说话人提出的建议是什么或说话人说话时采用虚拟语气背后的隐含之意.遇到既有概括,又有具体的答案选项,那么概括的是答案;有具体和抽象的,那么抽象的是答案.解答说话者言外之意的听力题,一般含义不肯定(出现might,may,can,could)的是答案.一般情况下,如果四个选项中有一个表示”同意”的概念,那么此项极有可能为答案.
Section B
1.命题规律
听力短文后的设题主要包括三类:综合推理题,主旨大意题及事实细节题.
2.做题技巧
把握首位句,整体上理解全文,方便解答主旨大意题 。听前阅读选项,增强听的目的性和针对性。听时记笔记,主要是些细节地方。文中反复出现的词是答案。字面意思一般不会是答案,答案一般都是含义较深入的选项。
注意事项:
听力的关键:还是要听,而且是用心去听,听时脑子里不能想着其他事,否则一出神,题目就过了.那多可惜啊!另外,听力现在考复合听写的可能性很小,所以大家也不必太在意.
"冲刺四级"指导-1.2
短文写作
从本期起,将陆续推出和四级有关的指导内容.借助有关书籍,结合我个人的小小经验,来谈一下四级考试中各部分(包括:听力,阅读,词汇,简答,写作等)的命题规律和做题技巧以及注意事项.旨在帮助备考四级的沪友们更好的了解四级考试,让大家更有把握,从而能提高自己现有的水平.最终能够顺利pass!其实说是说谈四级,但备考六级的沪友也不妨可以参阅一下,毕竟有些技巧还是相通的.
第二章 短文写作
(一)命题规律
1.大纲要求
能就一定的话题或提纲在半小时内写出120-150词的短文;能写短信和便条,表达清楚,无重大语言错误.
2.评分原则
1)作文是否体现主题思想
作文要体现主题思想,即是要求文章切题,全文统一,无不相关细节内容.
2)组织结构是否合理
组织结构合理主要体现在全文条理清楚,组织连贯和谐,善于使用衔接语以增强文章的逻辑性.
3)语法文字是否有重大失误
正确使用英语语法是英语学习的一个重要目的,而体现在写作中,则是语句合乎英语语法习惯,一篇充斥着语法错误的习作让人难以下读,也不可能获得高分.(所以如果语法还不是很好的话,应该多看一些语法书籍.)
4)卷面布局是否整洁
(a)字体端正清晰,易于辨识(因为大量阅卷,所以阅卷人不会花太多时间,精力来辨认你潦草的字迹,所以千万注意了!)
(b)规范大小写,词间空格,正确使用标点符号(这与平日的注意细节分不开,所以要从平时就开始注意起来)
(c)注意各种题材短文写作的格式,比如:信的写作格式等
(d)避免拼写错误,减少涂改
(e)短文写作千万别从头到尾只写一、两段,否则也得不了高分
3.评分标准
英语写作题满分为15分,评分标准分为五等:
2分—条理不清,思路紊乱,语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误,且多数为严重错误,字迹潦草
5分—基本切题.表达思想不清楚,连贯性差.有较多严重语言错误.
8分—基本切题.有些地方表达思想不够清楚,文字勉强连贯;语言错有一些严重错误,句子单调.
11分—切题.表达思想清楚,文字连贯,但有少量语言错误.
14分—切题.表达思想清楚,文字通顺,连贯性较好.基本无语言错误.
另外,字數不达到要求,也要酌情扣分:
累计字数:90-99(扣1分);80-89(扣2分);70-79(扣3分);60-69(扣4分)
注:如题目已给出主题句,其实句,结束句,均不能记入所写字数
(二)做题技巧
1.审题
拿到作文后第一件事就是审题,(如果跑题,条理和语言再好,也得不到及格分,甚至0分)
(1)体裁
审题就是要审作文的体裁和题材.体裁决定题材.体裁包括:议论文,说明文和描述文.从近年来看,四级作文是几种体裁的混合体.
(2)根据不同体裁确定写作方法
四级作文大都是三段式
议论文:要有论点和论据,而且往往从正反两面来论述
说明文:从几方面或几条来说明一个问题.
描述文:以”人”为中心描述一个”做”的过程
2.主题句
审题后,知道了写作的思路,下边就是怎么写了.第一步写主题句,写主题句最可靠的方法就是把题目中的各要求句译成英语.
3.条理清晰
议论文:正反面论述清楚
说明文:1,2,3条要清楚
描述文:谁干什么要清楚
为了使文章更具条理性,我们可以用first(ly),second(ly),third(ly),它们使文章的条理性更加突出.而诸如To begin with,…After that,…And then,…The next,…The following,…At last…这样的词语最好不用,因为他们不利于阅卷老师(每分卷子只有一两分钟就要阅完)看出文章的条理
4.一二一作文法
四级作文要求120词左右.四级作文大都是三段式.如果我们在每段中写上四句话,即主题句+两句扩展句+一个结论句(可记作”一二一”),每一句十多个词,这样就刚好超过120词.
同时,也不能写得太多,写得多容易跑题.避免写成流水账的方法是不要再对前一句中的一个非重点词再进行描述.如感觉字数不够,就在每一句或某些句子上添加次要的修饰词就行了.
"冲刺四级"指导-2.2 短文写作(样张的比较)
以下样卷均为考生的实际作文卷,典型的反映了五个不同分数段的应有水平.大家可以参考一下,以便检查自己的写作水平.
Reading Selectively Or Extensively?
样张1(得分:2分)
Most people thought that read book should have been selectived.But others
believed reading extensively was correction.
Selective books or reading extensibely?
Sure,you can choice one too book to read for us.We should choose which we
interested,and it would be helpful for us.
On another hand.Someone's interesting was wide.Each book could bring you
specific contain we couldn't reading at only one level.
I confirmed all of these ideas were good but weren't wise.
As a reader,the main task is to discover more and more,books,the second
task is to held some which wonderful and helpful for us.Don't treat these books
with rackless abandon.
【点评】文章条理不清,不成篇章.语言支离破碎,大部分句子不但有语言和词汇错误,而且多数为严重错误.
样张2(得分:5分)
I think reading not only selectively but also
extensively.Because the two sides are not contradict.Our time is limited.So we
can not read every book in the-world.However,we will not be interested in every
book.We should read those books may be useful to ours,read those books which we
like.But those books which we choose must be extensively.So it can give ours
all kinds of knowledge,noes and so on.it also make ours became a wise man.On
the one hand reading selectively let ours not waste our time which it is
limited.Moreover it can emphasis among all books that we can read.On the other
hand,reading extensively can deal with all kinds of need in our life.They are
all useful to ours.
【点评】基本切题,但连贯性差,意思表达不清，所有内容都挤在一起.语言错误较多,而且多数为严重语言错误.
样张3(得分:8分)
Some people think reading shall be choosed.Because some books are good to
humen beings.And some books are harmful to people.
Some people think that men shoued read books widely.Because wide reading
can help man get much knowledge,And man can use it to change the world.
It is my point that reading must be selectively.Because reading is
important to man.Some books can help man,but sane books can lead some people to
crime.It can be seen in the newspapers ans watched on TV.WE can make full use
of some good boks and gain more useful knoeledge.It can make our life more
beautiful.We must give up those unhelpful books.They are not good to us.Reading
them is wasting time and money.So reading selectively is an important part in
reading.
【点评】基本切题,有些地方表达不清,文字勉强连贯,有较多的语言错误.
样张4(得分:11分)
When it comes to reading,some people think that reading selectively is a
good way,but others do not agree with them and they think that reading
extensively is better.
Those people who think that reading selectively is better believe that
there are as many good books as there are bad ones.Good books can give us
pleasure and knowledge,while bad ones can only lead us to the wrong way.So,they
suggest that we should only choose the good books to read and never touch the
bad books.
But,the other people,who hold that reading extensively is better think
that one kind of books can only give us one aspect of knowledge.Even a good
book only contains one field of information.So,they can easily come to the
conclusion that if you want to acquire more knowledge,you have to read
more.That's why they believe that reading extensively is better.
To my point,we should choose good books to read good books as many as
possible.By this way,we can increase the quality and quantity of reading.
【点评】文章切题,条理清楚,层次分明,表达思想清楚,有少量语言错误.
样张5(得分:14分)
It is generally accepted that reading is very important.But when it comes
to(当说到...) how to read,it has sprung up a heated discussion as to whether we
should read selectively or we should read extensively.
Those who are in favor of the ides of reading selectively believe that it
is not how much one reads but what he reads that really counts.For one
thing,living in an age when much time has to be taken up by work and other
activies,people are unable to find enough time to read extensively even if they
intend to.For another,some books are harmful,such as pornographic books and
magazines sold at the street bookvendors.Lack of(缺乏) wise choice in this
matter may cultivate one's bad,indecent taste to such a degree that his mind
might be corrupted.Therefore,the choice of books can never be overlooked.
However,those who insist on reading selectively argue that it is through
reading extensively that we obtain most of our knowledge.Now branches of
knowledge are woven together rather than(是...而不是...) isloated
from each other.Only when one goes beyond his own field and reads widely can he
really make remarkable achievements in his study,in addition,the most valuable
gifts bestowed(给与,授予) by books are
experience,broad view and wisdom.Thus a man who reads extensively live many
lives while a man who does not read or read very little just kill away his
life.
In my opinion,we should read both selectively and extensively.That is to
say(也就是说,即),upon reading,we have to exercise extreme care(非常小心) in
distinguishing good books from indecent and vulgar books.The latter should
never be touched,but the significance of good reading cannot be overvalued.Whatever
the purpose in reading,our contact with good books should never fail to(没有,不会) give us
enjoyment and satisfaction and there is no such thing as"too many"in
reading good books.
【点评】第一段提出读书的两种不同观点,第二、三段分别说明了两种不同观点的理由,第四段采取一分为二的辩证观点,对两个观点都加以部分肯定,从而得出较中立的观点来结束文章.文中还有许多亮点词语(已用不同颜色标出),都是较地道德英语用法.
"冲刺四级"指导-2.3 短文写作(不同类型的短文写作)
(一)提纲式作文
提纲式作文是指给出中文提纲(或英语提纲),并要求按提纲写出120词左右的作文.提纲通常以短语或句子的形式列出,大多蕴含着短文的主旨意思.提纲式作文一般可分为说明分析类,比较类,对比类,驳斥类等.
1.说明分析类
提纲式作文一般分为三段(有时两段).以说明分析类占多数.要求根据提纲所指范围和线索,对某件事物,某种观点或某一个问题进行分析,解释,指出其积极一面或消极一面,并提出解决途径.
eg.How I Finance My College Education
1.上大学的费用可以通过多种途径解决
2.那种途径适合我(说明理由)
According to a recent survey by China Daily,every college student now has to
pay 5000 to 6000 yuan,not including the other fees,for their higher education every
year.For many students who come from the poor families,the tuitions and fees
are a heavy financial burden.
Many ways have been suggested to solve the problem.For example,before going to
the university,the poor students themselves can borrow some money from their
relatives and friends if possible.When in university,they can apply to the
department concerned for grant-in-aid,or to the special bank for a
four-year-term interest free loan.At the same time,they can take a part-time
job to support themselves.And the university can offer a list of the students
in bad need of financial support to the public through media to ask for help
from individuals and communities organs.
Among the above-listed approaches,I consider "taking a part-time job"
as the best solution.I am energetic,hard-working,and I am not afraid of losing
face if I take a part-time job to support myself.By taking one or two part-time
jobs,such as waiting on tables in the university dinning halls,or selling goods
for companies,or tutoring in families,I can earn 400 to 500 yuan each month.The
monthly income is enough for me.with a fixed income I may earn from part-time
jobs and with a little financial support somewhere else,I am confident that I
can finance my college education.
【点评】这是一篇解释性说明文.文章的开头用数据法引出话题,指出许多贫困学生很难支付学费.第二段介绍几种解决学费问题的方法.例如入学前向亲朋好友借贷,或是通过打工来支付学费.第三段陈述作者的选择:”我”支持打工这一途径.通过举例说明,体现作者的乐观精神.
也可写成,第一段:现象、问题─解决的几种方法、途径;第二段:我的选择(理由);第三段:结论与展望.
2.比较类
是指就某一件事或某一问题的正反两面、优劣、利弊等进行分析比较,然后下结论,提出自己的观点态度,或写出自己从实际经验中的得到的一些体会,并提出解决问题的办法.
写比较类文章时可以通过分析,列举或举例的方式进行比较.写时注意在分析时把所写的优点和缺点的段落分开,而且做好用一些表示转折关系的词或句子(but,however,on
the other hand,othwise,although,except for)
eg.Positive and Negative Aspects of Sports
1.体育运动的好处
2.体育运动可能带来的副作用
Playing sports is always part of people's life.Sometimes people take exercise
to keep fit,sometimes people play sports and gsmes just for fun.People spend a
lot of money and time on sports.
Sports are conducive to(对…有益)
health.First,they stimulate blood circulation.As a Chinese saying goes,
"Running water is never stale and a door-hinge never gets
worm-eaten."(流水不腐,户枢不蠹)Good blood circulation
can prevent diseases.Besides,sports help digestion.If one often takes
exercises,he will not suffer dyspepsia. Most important of all,sports make one
energetic.One who takes exercise everyday is always full of vigor and will
never be listless(无精打采的).
However,there are also disadvantages for doing exercises.First,it's harmful to
health if people take exercise without good habits.If he takes exercise
immediately after meals,it does harm to health.If one takes exercise in the
morning,he will sweat.If,as happens often,he is such a hurry that he has to go
to work with wet underwear,it is harmful to health,too.Besides,it is also
time-consuming(费时的) to take exercise.If one takes exercise
regularly,he can keep fit but most probably he will lag behind(落后) in other
fields.Worst of all,if one takes exercise without taking in enough
nutrition,his health will run down for malnutrition,which is just the oppsite
to what he wishes(恰恰事与愿违).
As far as I'm concerd(至于我的观点),it's beneficial to(对…有益) health to
take exercise.Inaddition,it will make me feel in high spirits(兴高采烈).Therefore,I'll
try to spare some time to take exercise regulatly.
【点评】本文是四段式,第一段引出主题,第二段写体育运动的好处,第三段写体育运动会带来的负面影响,第四段重申主题用归纳法结束文章.
3.对比类
是对某一件事或某一问题的两种看法进行对比,分析,然后再提出自己的看法.
写这类作文时,可根据所给提纲列举一些相关的实例,逐一进行分析.分析时首先可将两种观点加以评论,最后表明自己所赞成的观点,并解释和阐明理由.同时也可用一些表示转折的词、短语、句子等,使文章更具连贯性