第十七讲虚拟语气（一）

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第十七讲虚拟语气（一）

英语频道

第一讲

虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目几乎是四、六级必考的内容，也是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
　　1. 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。
　　1) If places ______ a like, there would be little need for geographers.
　　A. being 　　B. are 　　C. be 　　D. were
　　如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。(答案是D)
　　2) If I _____ the meaning of the word, I wouldn't have to look it up.
　　A. know 　　B. knew 　　C. known 　　D. knowing
　　如果我知道这个词的意义，就不必查词典了。（答案是B）
　　2. 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词。
　　例：1995年6月四级第46题
　　We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we _____ him,
　　A) would have telephoned 　　 B) must have telephoned
　　C) would telephone 　　　　　 D) had telephoned
　　本题是与过去时相反的虚拟句，从句中用过去完成式，主句中用would have done。本句相当于if we had known his telephone number，we would have telephoned him。答案是A) would have telephoned。
　　3. 虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形。
　　例：1996年1月四级第44题
　　Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she ______ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.
　　A. has to get 　　B. had got 　　C. were to get 　　D. could have got
　　本句的意思是：“琼不想马上就工作，她认为要是找了工作，就不能经常探访她的朋友了”。这说明，琼目前没有工作。句中假设的情况在近期内并不会存在。该条件句应当用表示将来情况的虚拟语气。条件从句的谓语用should或were to引出。因此C. were to get 是本题答案。选项A. has to get是陈述语气的现在时，不能用于虚拟条件句中。选项B. had got是虚拟语气的过去时，不能表示将来时间。选项D. could have got不能用于虚拟语气的条件从句中。